Robust Watermarking Scheme for Multispectral Images Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Tucker Decomposition

Watermarking represents a potentially effective tool for the protection and verification of ownership rights in remote sensing images. Multispectral images (MSIs) are the main type of images acquired by remote sensing radiometers. In this paper, a robust multispectral image watermarking technique based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and the tucker decomposition (TD) is proposed. The core idea behind our proposed technique is to apply TD on the DWT coefficients of spectral bands of multispectral images. We use DWT to effectively separate multispectral images into different sub-images and TD to efficiently compact the energy of sub-images. Then watermark is embedded in the elements of the last frontal slices of the core tensor with the smallest absolute value. The core tensor has a good stability and represents the multispectral image properties. The experimental results on LANDSAT images show the proposed approach is robust against various types of attacks such as lossy compression, cropping, addition of noise etc.